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A theoretical model is proposed to explain the roughness characteristics ofan ice surface grown from a gravity and wind-driven supercooled water filmflowing over an inclined plane. The effects of the water supply rate, planeslope and air stream velocity on the spacing and height of ice surfaceroughness are investigated from a new type of morphological instability of theice-water interface. The proposed macro-scale morphological instability under asupercooled water film is quite different from the micro-scale one whichresults in dendritic growth. It was found that ice surface roughness spacingdepends mainly on water layer thickness, and that surface roughness height isvery sensitive to the convective heat transfer rate at the water-air interface.The present model takes into account the interaction between air and waterflows through the boundary conditions at the water-air interface. This leads usto a major finding that tangential and normal shear stress disturbances due toairflow at the water-air interface play a crucial role not only on theconvective heat transfer rate at the disturbed water-air interface but also onthe height of the ice surface roughness. This is confirmed by comparison of theamplification rate of the ice-water interface disturbance predicted by themodel with the roughness height observed experimentally.

Roughness characteristics of an ice surface grown in the presence of a supercooled water film driven by gravity and wind drag