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We show that the quantum statistical mechanics describing quantum and thermalproperties of objects has only the sense of a particular semiclassicalapproximation. We propose a more general (than that theory) microdescription ofobjects in a heat bath taking a vacuum into account as an object environment;we call it $(\hbar,k)-$dynamics ($\hbar kD)$. We introduce a new generativeoperator, a Schr\"odingerian or a stochastic action operator, and will show itsfundamental role in the determination of such macroquantities as internalenergy, effective temperature, and effective entropy. We establish that $\hbarkD$ can serve as an initial microtheory for constructing a modifiedthermodynamics. On this ground, we can explain the universality of the ratio"effective action to effective entropy" at zero temperature and its minimalvalue in the form $\hbar/2k$. This result corresponds to experimental dataobtained recently under studying a new matter state - a nearly perfect fluid.

Modified Thermodynamics as an Approach to the Description of some Universal Properties of "Nearly Perfect Fluids"