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We analyze the surface plasmons (SPs) propagating along the optically pumpedsingle-graphene layer (SGL) and multiple-graphene layer (MGL) structures. It isshown that at sufficiently strong optical pumping when the real part of dynamicconductivity of SGL and MGL structures becomes negative in the terahertz (THz)range of frequencies due to the interband population inversion, the damping ofthe THz SPs can give way to their amplification. This effect can be used ingraphene-based THz lasers and other devices. Due to relatively small SP groupvelocity, the absolute value of their absorption coefficient (SP gain) can belarge, substantially exceeding that of the optically pumped structures with thedielectric waveguide. The comparison of the SGL and MGL structures shows thatto maximize the SP gain the number of GL layers should be properly choosen.

Terahertz surface plasmons in optically pumped graphene structures