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Since air-water and water-air interfaces are equally refractive, clouddroplets and microbubbles dispersed in bodies of water reflect sunlight in muchthe same way. The lifetime of sunlight-reflecting microbubbles, and hence thescale on which they may be applied, depends on Stokes Law and the influence ofambient or added surfactants. Small bubbles backscatter light more efficientlythan large ones, opening the possibility of using highly dilute micron-radiushydrosols to substantially brighten surface waters. Such microbubbles cannoticeably increase water surface reflectivity, even at volume fractions ofparts per million and such loadings can be created at an energy cost as low asJ m-2 to initiate and milliwatts m-2 to sustain. Increasing water albedo inthis way can reduce solar energy absorption by as much as 100 W m-2,potentially reducing equilibrium temperatures of standing water bodies byseveral Kelvins. While aerosols injected into the stratosphere tend to alterclimate globally, hydrosols can be used to modulate surface albedo, locally andreversibly, without risk of degrading the ozone layer or altering the color ofthe sky. The low energy cost of microbubbles suggests a new approach to solarradiation management in water conservation and geoengineering: Don't dim theSun; Brighten the water.

Bright Water- hydrosols, water conservation and climate change