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The nonlinear properties of the dendrites in prepositus hypoglossi neuronsare involved in maintenance of eye position. The biophysical properties ofthese neurons are essential for the operation of the vestibular neuralintegrator that converts a head velocity signal to one that controls eyeposition. A novel method named QSA (quadratic sinusoidal analysis) for voltageclamped neurons was used to quantify nonlinear responses that are dominated bydendrites. The voltage clamp currents were measured at harmonic and interactivefrequencies using specific stimulation frequencies, which act as frequencyprobes of the intrinsic nonlinear neuronal behavior. These responses to pairedfrequencies form a matrix that can be reduced by eigendecomposition to providea very compact piecewise quadratic analysis at different membrane potentialsthat otherwise is usually described by complex differential equations involvinga large numbers of parameters and dendritic compartments. Moreover, the QSAmatrix can be interpolated to capture most of the nonlinear neuronal behaviorlike a Volterra kernel. The interpolated quadratic functions of the two majorprepositus hypoglossi neurons, namely type B and D, are strikingly different. Amajor part of the nonlinear responses is due to the persistent sodiumconductance, which appears to be essential for sustained nonlinear effectsinduced by NMDA activation and thus would be critical for the operation of theneural integrator. Finally, the dominance of the nonlinear responses by thedendrites supports the hypothesis that persistent sodium conductance channelsand NMDA receptors act synergistically to dynamically control the influence ofindividual synaptic inputs on network behavior.

Voltage clamp analysis of nonlinear dendritic propertie in prepositus hypoglossi neurons