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In this paper, we develop a novel approach to measuring urban sprawl based onstreet nodes and naturally defined urban boundaries, both extracted frommassive volunteered geographic information OpenStreetMap databases through somedata-intensive computing processes. The street nodes are defined as streetintersections and ends, while the naturally defined urban boundaries constitutewhat we call natural cities. We find that the street nodes are significantlycorrelated with population of cities. Based on this finding, we set streetnodes as a proxy of population to measure urban sprawl. We further find thatstreet nodes bear a significant linear relationship with city areal extents. Inthe plot with the x axis representing city areal extents, and the y axis streetnodes, sprawling cities are located below the regression line. We verified theapproach using urban areas and population from the US census, and then appliedthe approach to three European countries: France, Germany, and the UnitedKingdom for the categorization of natural cities into three classes: sprawling,compact, and normal. This categorization sets a uniform standard for crosscomparing sprawling levels across an entire country.  Keywords: Street networks, openstreetmap, volunteered geographic information,GIS

Measuring Urban Sprawl Based on Massive Street Nodes and the Novel Concept of Natural Cities