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The ecological principle of limiting similarity dictates that species similarin resource requirements will compete, with the superior eventually excludingthe inferior competitor from the community. The observation that nonethelessapparently similar species comprise a significant proportion of the diversityin any given community has led to suggestions that competition may not in factbe an important regulator of community structure and assembly. Here we apply arecently introduced metric of species interaction, fractional (relative)abundance, to tree species of the tropical wet forest of Barro Colorado Island,Panam\'a, the particular community that inspired the original model ofnon-niche or 'neutral' community dynamics9. We show a distribution offractional abundances between pairs of most closely related congeneric treespecies differing from that expected of competitive exclusion, but alsoinconsistent with expectations of simple similarity, whether such speciesinterchangeability (a fundamental requirement of neutrality) is inferred at thecommunity or the pair level. Similar evidence from a strikingly different dryforest has been linked to the focused, stable competition of a temporal nichedynamic. Taken together with these earlier findings, the results reported hereestablish a potentially widespread and important role for species interactionin the diversity and maintenance of natural communities that must be consideredwhen inferring process from pattern.

Fractional abundance and the ecology of community structure