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In this work, water distribution systems are regarded as large sparse planargraphs with complex network characteristics and the relationship betweenimportant topological features of the network (i.e. structural robustness andloop redundancy) and system resilience, viewed as the antonym to structuralvulnerability, are assessed. Deterministic techniques from complex networks andspectral graph theory are utilized to quantify well-connectedness and estimateloop redundancy in the studied benchmark networks. By using graph connectivityand expansion properties, system robustness against node/link failures andisolation of the demand nodes from the source(s) are assessed and networktolerance against random failures and targeted attacks on their bridges and cutsets are analyzed. Among other measurements, two metrics of meshed-ness andalgebraic connectivity are proposed as candidates for quantification ofredundancy and robustness, respectively, in optimization design models. A briefdiscussion on the scope and limitations of the provided measurements in theanalysis of operational reliability of water distribution systems is presented.

A complex network approach to robustness and vulnerability of spatially organized water distribution networks