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It is shown that broad-line region (BLR) line profiles ranging from theclassic "logarithmic" profile to double-peaked, disk-like profiles are readilyexplained by the distribution of BLR gas proposed by Gaskell, Klimek, &Nazarova (2007; GKN) without any need to invoke fundamental differences in theAGNs other than differing viewing angles. It is argued that the highly-variablethermal energy generation in AGNs originates off axis in regions that cannot beaxially symmetric. This off-axis model readily explains the varying degrees oftemporal correlation found in multi-wavelength variability studies, the strong,variable asymmetry of BLR line profiles, the varying time delays in theresponse of the BLR to different continuum events, how narrow velocity rangesof line profiles will often appear to respond differently or not at all tocontinuum variability, complex changes in the Balmer decrement with velocity,inconsistent and variable inflow/outflow signatures found in velocity-resolvedreverberation mapping, the diversity of velocity-dependent polarizationsobserved, and polarization variability. The fundamentally non-axisymmetricnature of AGN continuum variability severely limits what can be learned fromreverberation mapping. In particular, high-fidelity reverberation mapping isnot possible. There will be systematic orientation-dependent errors in blackhole mass determinations. The effects of off-axis emission will mask subtlesignatures of possible close supermassive black hole binaries. Some tests ofthe off-axis-variability model are proposed.

Off-Axis Energy Generation in Active Galactic Nuclei: Explaining  Broad-Line Profiles, Spectropolarimetric Observations, and Velocity-Resolved  Reverberation Mapping