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Three dimensional (3D) topological insulators are novel states of quantummatter that feature spin-momentum locked helical Dirac fermions on theirsurfaces and hold promise to open new vistas in spintronics, quantum computingand fundamental physics. Experimental realization of many of the predictedtopological phenomena requires finding multi-variant topological bandinsulators which can be multiply connected to magnetic semiconductors andsuperconductors. Here we present our theoretical prediction and experimentaldiscovery of several new topological insulator classes in AB2X4(124),A2B2X5(225), MN4X7(147), A2X2X'(221) [A,B=Pb,Ge,Sb,Bi and M,N=Pb,Bi andX,X'=Chalcogen family]. We observe that these materials feature gaps up toabout 0.35eV. Multi-variant nature allows for diverse surface dispersiontunability, Fermi surface spin-vortex or textured configurations andspin-dependent electronic interference signaling novel quantum transportprocesses on the surfaces of these materials. Our discovery also providesseveral new platforms to search for topological-superconductivity(arXiv:0912.3341v1 (2009)) in these exotic materials.

Discovery of several large families of Topological Insulator classes with backscattering-suppressed spin-polarized single-Dirac-cone on the surface