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The QCD phase diagram lies at the heart of what the RHIC Physics Program isall about. While RHIC has been operating very successfully at or close to itsmaximum energy for almost a decade, it has become clear that this collider canalso be operated at lower energies down to 5 GeV without extensive upgrades. Anexploration of the full region of beam energies available at the RHIC facilityis imperative. The STAR detector, due to its large uniform acceptance andexcellent particle identification capabilities, is uniquely positioned to carryout this program in depth and detail. The first exploratory beam energy scan(BES) run at RHIC took place in 2010 (Run 10), since several STAR upgrades,most importantly a full barrel Time of Flight detector, are now completed whichadd new capabilities important for the interesting physics at BES energies. Inthis document we discuss current proposed measurements, with estimations of theaccuracy of the measurements given an assumed event count at each beam energy.

An Experimental Exploration of the QCD Phase Diagram: The Search for the Critical Point and the Onset of De-confinement