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Phonon dispersion of detwinned NiO is measured using inelastic x-rayscattering. It is found that, near the zone center, the energy of thetransverse optical phonon mode polarized parallel to the antiferromagneticorder is ~1 meV lower than that of the mode polarized perpendicular to theorder, at room temperature. This is explained via anisotropic polarization ofthe Ni and O atoms, as confirmed using a Berry's phase approach withfirst-principles calculations. Our explanation avoids an apparent contradictionin previous discussions focusing on Heisenberg interaction.

Effects of Anisotropic Charge on Transverse Optical Phonons in NiO