English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Assuming that the universe is homogenous and isotropic and applying Gauss'flux theorem for gravity, it follows that the gravitational field of thevisible universe can be calculated as if the entire mass of the visibleuniverse is located in one point. Taking into account that the mass of thevisible universe is M=2x10^{53} kg, it appears that the entire visible universeis inside a {\it photon sphere} of radius R_{ps} = 14.3 Gpc. The current modelfor the visible universe must be corrected to account for the fact thatmeasured horizon distance of 14.0 \pm 0.2 Gpc is not a straight line. Rather itis an arc of a circle with that length, because all photons are inside thephoton sphere. Our model interprets the visible universe as a surface of asphere (or an inside of a sphere shell) with radius 4.46 \pm 0.06 Gpc and anevent horizon, located on that sphere (shell), with size of 14.0 \pm 0.2 Gpc.The model predicts CMB redshift and time dilatation of Type Ia supernovae bygravitation. It explains, without inflation theory, the isotropy and uniformityof the CMB. It predicts the correct value for the Hubble constant H_0 = 67.26\pm 0.90 km/s/Mpc, the cosmic expansion rate H(z) in agreement withobservations, and the speed of the event horizon. Through relativistic energycorrection, our model also provides an explanation for critical density withoutuse of dark matter. It explains that Type Ia supernovae redshifts are notrelated to the accelerated expansion of the universe and dark energy. Itexplains the reason for the established discrepancy between the non-covariantversion of the holographic principle and the calculated dimensionless entropy(S/k) for the visible universe, which exceeds the entropy of a black hole. Themodel is in agreement with the distribution of radio sources in space, Type Iadata, and data from the HUDF optical and near-infrared survey.

A New Cosmological Model for the Visible Universe and its Implications