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Neutrino oscillations occur only if it is impossible to determine $\nu$ massby using conservation laws on measurements of nucleon-lepton system absorbing$\nu$. No oscillations if $\nu$ detector is mass spectrometer. Beam is splitinto components with different masses entering different counters. For eachevent only one counter will click and determine $\nu$ mass. Condensed matterphysics needed to describe the $\nu$ detector, show it is not a massspectrometer and identify which properties of the incident $\nu$ areunobservable. Relativistic quantum field theory can only describe $\nu$ wavefunction entering detector but not large uncertain momentum transfers todetector nor associated energy-momentum asymmetry. Absorption of incident$\nu$'s with different momenta but same energy leaves no trace of initial $\nu$momentum difference in finite-size $\nu$ detector with effectively infinitemass at rest in laboratory. Undetectable recoil-free momentum is transferred tothe detector with negligible energy transfer. The Debye-Waller factor common inX-ray diffraction by crystals gives probability that absorbing $\nu$'s withdifferent momenta produce same nucleon-charged-lepton final state. Oscillationsin time described in textbooks as interference between $\nu$ states withdifferent energies not observable in realistic experiments. Different energy$\nu$'s not coherent because energy can be determined by measurements oninitial and final states. Experiments detecting $\nu$ produced by $\pi to \mu\nu$ decay observe no electrons even though $\nu$ mass eigenstates produceelectrons. Electron amplitude canceled by interference between amplitudes fromdifferent $\nu$ mass eigenstates with same energy and different momentaentering massive detector.

Why do neutrinos with different masses interfere and oscillate? Why are  states with different masses but same energy coherent? Overcoming barrier  between particle & condensed matter physics