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Recently, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy has been used tohighlight an anomalously large band renormalization at high binding energies incuprate superconductors: the high energy "waterfall" or high energy anomaly(HEA). The anomaly is present for both hole- and electron-doped cuprates aswell as the half-filled parent insulators with different energy scales arisingon either side of the phase diagram. While photoemission matrix elementsclearly play a role in changing the aesthetic appearance of the banddispersion, i.e. creating a "waterfall"-like appearance, they provide aninadequate description for the physics that underlies the strong bandrenormalization giving rise to the HEA. Model calculations of the single-bandHubbard Hamiltonian showcase the role played by correlations in the formationof the HEA and uncover significant differences in the HEA energy scale forhole- and electron-doped cuprates. In addition, this approach properly capturesthe transfer of spectral weight accompanying doping in a correlated materialand provides a unifying description of the HEA across both sides of the cupratephase diagram. We find that the anomaly demarcates a transition, or cross-over,from a quasiparticle band at low binding energies near the Fermi level tovalence bands at higher binding energy, assumed to be of strong oxygencharacter.

Insights on the cuprate high energy anomaly observed in ARPES