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A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating theauthenticity of a digital message or document. For signing quantum messages,some arbitrated quantum signature schemes have being proposed. However, in theexisting literature, arbitrated quantum signature schemes depend onentanglement. In this paper, we present two arbitrated quantum signatureschemes without utilizing entangled states in the signing phase and theverifying phase. The first proposed scheme can preserve the merits in theexisting schemes. Then, we point out, in this scheme and the prior schemes,there exists a problem that Bob can repudiate the integrality of thesignatures. To conquer this problem, we construct another arbitrated quantumsignature scheme without using quantum entangled states but using a publicboard. The new scheme has three advantages: it does not utilize entangledstates while it can preserve all merits in the existing schemes; theintegrality of the signature can avoid being disavowed by the receiver; and, itprovides a higher efficiency in transmission and reduces the complexity ofimplementation. Furthermore, we present a technique such that the quantummessage can keep secret to the arbitrator in a arbitrated quantum signaturescheme.

Arbitrated quantum signature schemes without using entangled states