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Outage probabilities in wireless networks depend on various factors: the nodedistribution, the MAC scheme, and the models for path loss, fading andtransmission success. In prior work on outage characterization for networkswith randomly placed nodes, most of the emphasis was put on networks whosenodes are Poisson distributed and where ALOHA is used as the MAC protocol. Inthis paper we provide a general framework for the analysis of outageprobabilities in the high-reliability regime. The outage probabilitycharacterization is based on two parameters: the intrinsic spatial contention$\gamma$ of the network, introduced in [1], and the coordination level achievedby the MAC as measured by the interference scaling exponent $\kappa$ introducedin this paper. We study outage probabilities under the signal-to-interferenceratio (SIR) model, Rayleigh fading, and power-law path loss, and explain howthe two parameters depend on the network model. The main result is that theoutage probability approaches $\gamma\eta^{\kappa}$ as the density ofinterferers $\eta$ goes to zero, and that $\kappa$ assumes values in the range$1\leq \kappa\leq \alpha/2$ for all practical MAC protocols, where $\alpha$ isthe path loss exponent. This asymptotic expression is valid for allmotion-invariant point processes. We suggest a novel and complete taxonomy ofMAC protocols based mainly on the value of $\kappa$. Finally, our findingssuggest a conjecture that tightly bounds the outage probability for allinterferer densities.

Outage Probability of General Ad Hoc Networks in the High-Reliability Regime