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The significant role of space in maintaining species coexistence anddetermining community structure and function is well established. However,community ecology studies have mainly focused on simple competition andpredation systems, and the relative impact of positive interspecificinteractions in shaping communities in a spatial context is not wellunderstood. Here we employ a spatially explicit metacommunity model toinvestigate the effect of local dispersal on the structure and function ofcommunities in which species are linked through an interaction web comprisingmutualism, competition and exploitation. Our results show that function,diversity and interspecific interactions of locally linked communities undergoa phase transition with changes in the rate of species dispersal. We find thatlow spatial interconnectedness favors the spontaneous emergence of stronglymutualistic communities which are more stable but less productive and diverse.On the other hand, high spatial interconnectedness promotes local biodiversityat the expense of local stability and supports communities with a wide range ofinterspecific interactions. We argue that investigations of the relationshipbetween spatial processes and the self-organization of complex interaction websare critical to understanding the geographic structure of interactions in reallandscapes.

Positive interactions and the emergence of community structure in metacommunities