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This study performs cross-wavelet analysis between the arctic oscillation index (AOI) and four climate factors: the number of typhoons occurring in the North Pacific, the number of typhoons affecting the Korean Peninsula, the rainfall amount, and the number of rainy days during the monsoon season in Korea. The data period for this analysis was determined to be 1961-2016 by considering the data available, and the analysis was performed annually. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the winter AOI is found to have a greater influence on the climate of Korea than the other seasonal AOIs. The winter AOI and both monsoon characteristics-i.e., the total rainfall depth and the number of rainy days-show a strong correlation for their long-term period components in the 1970s, and for their short-term period components after the 1990s. On the other hand, in recent years, a somewhat different trend is observed: the total rainfall and winter AOI show a strong correlation for the long-term period components, but the number of rainy days and winter AOI show a strong correlation for the short-term period components. Second, this study confirms that the typhoon characteristics, rather than the monsoon characteristics, are weakly correlated with the winter AOI. The number of typhoons affecting the Korean peninsula showed an obvious correlation pattern, changing every ten years from the long-term period components to the short-term period components. However, as the change in correlation characteristics between the AOI and monsoon (or typhoon) is nonstationary without any obvious periodicity, it cannot be used for forecasting purposes.

Evaluation of Arctic Oscillation Effect on Monsoons and Typhoons in Korea Using Bivariate Wavelet Analysis