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We have studied chemical characteristics of aeolian dust (Kosa) during the transportation from China to Japan. Dust samples were collected at Naha, Fukuoka, Nagoya and Tsukuba in Japan from March to May 2002 and analyzed for the chemical composition of water-insoluble components. The chemical concentrations of most elements in the air were the highest during a dust event, and their particle size distribution patterns are characterized by having one large peak at 2.1-7.0μm. Most elements are considered to originate in mineral aerosol because mass concentrations have the same distribution patterns. However, some elements, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb and Bi, were highly enriched in small particles (under 1μm), which consist of mainly carbon aerosol released by a vehicle, plant and heating system. These elements are considered to originate in anthropogenic materials. The elemental concentrations divided by Al2O3 contents are useful to examine the change of mineralogical composition or estimate the contribution of anthropogenic materials. The concentration ratios of most elements were almost constant through the particle size, but often high in the smaller particle (0.65-1.01μm). The particle’s mineral composition probably changes at 1μm. On the contrary, distribution patterns of some heavy metals having anthropogenic origins revealed that the fraction of anthropogenic materials in aeolian dust gradually increased with the decrease of particle size and suddenly rose at 2μm of particle size. Finally, we examined geochemical differences between two periods (dust event and non-dust event) and among observation stations. Some elements (P2O5, K2O, T-Fe2O3, Zr, Nb and Mo) have systematic differences among sampling locations during non-dust event and showed that aeolian dust contains some local materials. However, these systematic differences disappeared when a dust event was observed and revealed that a dust storm carried a large amount of aerosol from East Asia to Japan and made a nearly homogeneous chemical composition of dust at each station.

Grain-size distribution and chemical composition of water-insoluble components in aeolian dust collected in Japan in spring 2002