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The Transport Control Protocol (TCP) is used to establish and control a session between two endpoints. The problem is that in 802.11 wireless environments TCP always considers that the packet loss is caused by network congestion. However, in these networks packet loss are usually caused by the high bit error rate, and the wireless link failures. Researchers found out that TCP performance in wireless networks can be highly enhanced as long as it is feasible to identify the packet loss causes; hence appropriate measures can be dynamically applied during an established TCP session in order to adjust the session parameters. This paper proposes an endto-end adaptive mechanism that allows the TCP session to dynamically adjust the RTO (Retransmission Timeout) of a TCP session; the server will have to adjust the timers based on feedbacks from clients. Feedbacks are piggybacked in the TCP Options header field of the ACK (Acknowledgment) messages. A feedback is an approximation of the time needed by the wireless channel to get the errors fixed. The mechanism has been validated using numerical analysis and simulations, and then compared to the original TCP protocol. Simulation results have shown better performance in terms of number of retransmissions at the server side due to the decrease in the number of timeouts; and thus lowest congestion on the wireless access point.

Proposition of an Adaptive Retransmission Timeout for TCP in 802.11 Wireless Environments