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Multi-storey buildings in metropolitan cities require open taller first storey for parking of vehicle and/or for retail shopping, large space for meeting room or a banking hall owing to lack of horizonta l space and high cost. Due to these functional requirements, the first storey has lesser strength and stiffness as compared to upper stories, which are stiffened by masonry infill walls. Increased flexib ility of first storey results in extreme deflections, which in turn, leads to concentration of forces at the second storey connections accompanied by large plastic deformation. In addition, most of the energy developed during the earthquake is dissipated by the column of the soft stories. In this process the plastic hinges are formed at the ends of column, which transform the soft stories into a mechanism. In such cases the collapse is unavoidable. Therefore, the soft stories deserve a special consideration in analysis and design.

Review on Effective utilization of RCC Shear walls for Design of Soft Storey Buildings