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Aging is a multifaceted process and involves cell senescence and apoptosis. Some key processes which may be involved could be the persistantmorphological changes in the cell structure for e.g cell blebbing and the role of physiological stressors. Amongst these are the macrophages which are on the front line of host defense. They possess an array of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors/sensors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and which activate downstream effectors/pathways to help mediate innate immune responses and host defense. Innate immune responses include the rapid induction of transcriptional networks that trigger the production of cytokines, chemokines, and cytotoxic molecules and the induction of autophagy. Autophagy is a catabolic process that normally maintains cellular homeostasis in a lysosome-dependent manner, but it also functions as a cytoprotective response that intersects with a variety of general stress-response pathways.This review focusses on the intimately linked molecular mechanisms that help govern the autophagic pathway and cyto-morphological changes alongwith macrophage mediated responses to osmolar changes and the role of transcription factors like the NFAT-5 in the aging process.

New Insights into Aging Process with a Focus on Cell Morphology, Autophagy and Role of Macrophages and NFAT