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Background: Despite the ‘safe claims’ on the label of different brands of monosodium glutamate (MSG) by the manufacturers, it is yet doubtful among scientists in different fields, of the veracity of these claims. In this study we investigated the timeand dose-dependent effects of MSG on some biochemical, haematological variables and histological profiles of albino wistar rats. Methods: Seventy-two (72) healthy male Albino Wistar rats aged between 2 – 3 months old weighing 150 – 250g was used. They were grouped into six (6) A, B, C, D, E and F according to their body weights. Each group of twelve (12) rats was housed in a stainless steel wire mesh cage. Groups A – E were given graded doses of MSG (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12g/kgbw) respectively. The MSG doses were administered orally in water by gavage technique, while the standard top feed ® and tap water were taken ad-libitum. The rats in cage F not treated with Monosodium glutamate (MSG) served as control and were fed with standard Top Feed (R) and tap water ad-libitum. The rats were weighed before and after the experiment. Biochemical, haematological and histological studies were carried out according to standard methods. Results: The Mean Haemoglobin Concentration (Hb), the packed cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin all showed significant decrease (p< 0.05) in groups A – E. The mean cell haemoglobin concentration and platelet count demonstrated a significant increase (p< 0.05) when compared with the control. The red blood cell count showed significant increase (p< 0.05) in groups D and E at week 2. Total white blood cell and neutrophil counts showed significant decrease (p< 0.05), while the lymphocyte count revealed a significant increase (p< 0.05) in the treated groups A – E at weeks 1 – 4 when compared with the control. The biochemical variables; alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) revealed a significant increase (p< 0.05) in all the groups A – E in weeks 3 and 4 and in weeks 1 – 4 respectively when compared with the control. Histological examinations showed evidence of alterations in the hepatic and renal architecture. Interpretation: The kidney histology assessment demonstrated increased urinary pole, constriction of the glomerular turft, increased tubular erosion, total glomerular erosion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, while the liver demonstrated vacuolation, dilated central vein, inflammatory cells at the pericanalicular canal, necrotic cells and oedema of the hepatocytes. The elevated values of ALT and AST correlate with the histological examination of liver and kidney, suggestive of the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of MSG on liver and kidney which may affect their functions. The effects were time and dose dependent. Time and Dose Dependent Effects of Continuous Consumption of Monosodium Glutamate on organ DOI: 10.9790/2402-1101035064 www.iosrjournals.org 51 | Page

iosr journal of environmental science, toxicology and food technology

Time and Dose Dependent Effects of Continuous Consumption of Monosodium Glutamate on Organ Histology (Kidney and Liver), Haematological and Biochemical Profiles of Albino Wistar Rats.