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Pollution of water bodies is on the rise all over the world. In India, water pollution and lack of available safe water is particularly devastating for the health, social and economic situation of the local populations. Today, approximately seventy percent of India’s surface water bodies are unfit for human consumption and over the past decades, people have turned to ground water as their primary source of water for everyday needs. However, increased urbanization and population growth is resulting in over-exploitation of India’s ground water sources. In 1947, at the time of independence, India’s water availability per person was over 5,000 cubic meters per person per year. Fifty years later, the actual usable quantity has fallen to an estimated 1,122 cubic meters per person per year. Over-extraction of ground water is causing the ingress of salinity and other pollutants in coastal and inland areas. The decreased water availability compounded with increased pollution has sparked a search for technologies to produce clean water from polluted sources. Many consumers as well as community organizations (governmental and non-governmental) have turned to Reverse Osmosis (RO) for elimination of contaminants. However, the drawback is that RO generates concentrated effluent that must be properly managed in order to avoid environmental contamination of ground water in the long term. The deterioration in water quality is leading to a rapid adoption of more and more RO installations. This article illustrates that utilizing Reverse Osmosis as sole means of drinking water purification will only worsen the situation in the long term.

Reverse Osmosis is not a Viable Option for Water Purification in Water Stressed Regions of India