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Shifting cultivation is the major cultivation in hilly region of North-Eastern India. Shifting cultivation cycles and landuses practices of shifting cultivated area of are considerably related. Fertility status of owing to the shrunk of jhum cycle (2-3 years); resulted deterioration of in soil health and ecological imbalance. So to keep shifting cultivation a sustainable farming system, we examine the relationship between fallow cycles (0-1, 3-5years, 5-7 years, 8-10 years and 12 years) and improved/alternated landuses (intermittent agriculture, agroforestry, abandoned jhum land) in relation to fertility status in shifting cultivated area of Chandel district of Manipur, India. In all landuses short term fallow cycle (3-5 years) deteriorated soil fertility attributes by significant reduction in soil pH, organic carbon and available and total major nutrients. With the increased of fallow cycles (>8 years) its fertility status in all the landuses were significantly restored except intermittent agriculture due to irregular crop fallow rotation. Among the landuses, abandoned jhum land were relatively stable in restoring soil in 5-7 years fallow cycle onwards due to sufficient surface coverage, lack of anthropogenic intervention and internal regulation. Soil restoration starts from 8-10 years onwards in agroforestry system dominated with soil enriching pulse crops and deep rooted nitrogen fixing trees and was remarkable improved from 25 years old pine dominated undisturbed secondary forest ecosystem. Therefore, adoption of improved appropriate landuses in combination with optimum fallow cycles 5-7 years more and proper combination of soil enriching crops and tress have the significant potential in restoring soil fertility status and sustain production in degraded jhum land of northeastern India.

Soil fertility status in relation to fallow cycles and landuse practices in shifting cultivated areas of Chandel district Manipur, India.