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The study looked at the potentials of palm kernel shells as coarse aggregates in an asphalt binder course using bitumen modified with zycotherm chemical additive. It also tries to investigate the effects of the modifier on asphalt concrete. All the volumetric and physical properties of the asphalt mixtures were evaluated using Marshall Mix design procedures. PKS percentage rates used were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by weight of the total coarse aggregate size at 4 – 8mm. Seventy five (75) test samples of compacted asphalt mix were prepared, 15 samples for the control mix and 60 samples for the PKS portions. The samples were prepared by varying bitumen contents from 4.5% – 6.5% of the weight of the total aggregate weights used. The observed results show that at optimum binder contents (OBC), with zycotherm chemical additive, 75% and 100% replacement could be used for light – heavily Trafficked roads. However, 25% and 50% replacements could be used for light traffic situations as VFB values observed at optimum binder contents were slightly above recommended limits. From the results observed, it could be established that PKS is a viable agricultural waste product that could be used in road constructions as replacement of coarse aggregate in binder courses. When comparisons were made with asphalt concretes produced with the modified bitumen and plain bitumen, results showed that the zycotherm chemical additive positively affects asphalt concrete as improvements were seen in volumetric and physical properties. The result comparisons showed Marshall Stability, flow and void characteristics (Va, VMA, and VFB) were all improved as bitumen content required was lowered for the same mix design proportion and compaction load compared. This could be cost effective on the long run.

iosr journal of mechanical and civil engineering

Study of the Performance of Graded Palm Kernel Shells (PKS) As Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregates in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Binder Course with Zycotherm Chemical Additive