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Egypt is known as one of the oldest agricultural civilizations; the River Nile allowed a sedentary agricultural society to develop thousands of years ago. Egypt is located in the hyper arid climatic zone, where rainfall is scarce and the desert covers most of the land. In addition to its fixed Nile quota, a deep non- renewable groundwater reservoirmay be utilized with a rate of 2.7 Billion cubic meters per year (bm 3 \year) over a period of 100 years. The water shortage is the main constraint and a major limiting factor facing the implementation of the country future economy. In this paper, the linear programming techniques have been used to minimize the virtual water of the current cropping pattern. The study proposed a cropping pattern can economized in water requirements and cultivated areas besides achieve the same level each crop production gained at the current status. The proposed scenario decreased the objective function by 5.59 %, the total cultivated area decreased by 204 thousand feddans, and the total water requirements decreased by 503 million cubic meters.

Optimizing Virtual Water as Irrigation Water Management Strategy in Egypt