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Objectives: To evaluate safety and effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) over the last 2 years (from January 2018 to January 2020) in a single center in terms of demographic profile, stone characteristics, stone clearance, requirement of additional procedures and reported complications. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study which included all patients who underwent PCNL at King Hamad University Hospital (KHUH), Bahrain from January 2018 to January 2020. Both standard and mini PCNL were used as required. Various lithotripters were used according to preference of the surgeon. Data analysis was performed regarding demographic profile, laboratory investigations, imaging, operative time, stone clearance, complications and hospital stay. Stone analysis was performed in all of our cases to know the nature of stones. Collection of data was performed through standard structured questionnaire, and retrieved from KHUH data base system. Statistical analysis was performed with statistical package for the social science (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA) version 25.0. Results: A total of 54 cases were included in the study. The mean age was 45.5 years. Forty two patients were male and 12 patients were female giving a male: female ratio of 3.5:1. Average size of stone was 2.15cm (as assessed by Non contrast CT scan) with most common location being lower calyx and pelvis (33.3%) followed by pelvis alone (18.5%).Partial and complete staghorn stones were present in 14.8 and 11.1 % respectively. Lower calyx the most common site of puncture (94.4%). Mean hemoglobin drop was 0.57gm/dl. Stone clearance rate was 88.9%. We encountered bleeding as major complication with blood transfusion required in 3 (5.5%) of cases. Mean hospital stay of patients was 3.2 days. Conclusions: PCNL performed at KHUH Urology center remains a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment modality for large renal stones with an acceptable stone clearance rate and minimal morbidity in experienced hands.

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): A Single-Centre Experience