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Objective: To study the clinical and etiological profile with the change in brain by neuroimaging (MRI brain) in children with microcephaly aged 1 month to 60 months. Materials and Methods: Study Design – Hospital based prospective study. Children attending Bal Chikitsalaya, Maharana Bhupal Goverment Hospital, RNT Medical College, Udaipur (Rajasthan) were evaluated as per protocol. Z scores of head circumference were calculated using WHO charts and clinical and etiological profile with the change in brain by neuroimaging (MRI brain) of those with microcephaly. Results: 103 children with microcephaly were enrolled in the study. 58 (56.31%) were male and 45 (43.68%) were female. Male to female ratio was 1.29:1. Mean age of children with microcephaly was 19.71±14.79 months. Most children with microcephaly presented with developmental delay 93(90.29%), abnormal tone 75(72.82%), convulsion 29(28.15%), regression of mile stone 13(12.62%), tremor 11(10.68%), visual abnormalities 12(11.65%), hearing abnormalities 10(9.71%) and dysmorphic facies 9(8.74%). The patients were classified according to the final diagnosis into 3 groups; group I: primary microcephaly – 12(11.65%) cases, group II: secondary microcephaly – 88(85.44%) cases and group III: undiagnosed – 3(2.91%). The most frequent MRI findings were cerebral atrophy in 50(48.54%) cases followed by changes suggestive of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) 19(18.94%) cases. Conclusion: Among the microcephaly children admitted in hospital, severe acute malnutrition was the commonest cause followed by cerebral palsy. Cerebral atrophy was most frequent finding on neuroimaging (MRI) followed by changes suggestive of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

iosr journal of dental and medical sciences

Clinical And Etiological Profile of Children Aged 1 Month To 60 Months Admitted with Microcephaly in Bal Chikitsalaya, Maharana Bhupal Goverment Hospital, RNT Medical College , Udaipur (Rajasthan)