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To study the tongue movement during swallowing and assess the relationship between tongue movement and facial morphology in three types of malocclusion. Materials and methods: 30 volunteers with class I, class II and class III skeletal pattern were chosen. The skeletal pattern was assessed from lateral cephalogram. B+M mode ultrasonography with cushion scanning technique was used to study the tongue movement during swallowing. The motion magnitude, duration and speed of tongue movement during each phase of swallowing were obtained from the m-mode graph and the representative values used for statistical analysis. Results: The individuals with class III skeletal pattern (prognathic mandible) had prolonged duration of tongue movement and greater motion magnitude in the early final phase (III A) of swallowing. Though there was a decrease in the motion magnitude and duration of swallowing in the early final phase in the individuals with class II skeletal pattern, the difference between class I and class II skeletal pattern was not found to be statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the speed of swallowing between the three skeletal patterns. Conclusion: More correlation was found to exist between abnormal tongue function during swallowing and class III skeletal pattern than the class I and class II skeletal patterns.

The Assessment of Relationship between Facial Morphology and Tongue Function During Swallowing - An Ultrasound Study