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Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of roles of gray-scale, color-Doppler ultrasound, and sonoelastography for the assessment of thyroid nodule to determine whether nodule size affects the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant, with fine needle aspiration cytology analysis as the reference standard. Methods: A total of 270 consecutive patients (mean age, 35±55 years; range, 30-50 years; 25males and 245 females) with 300 thyroid nodules were examined by gray-scale, color-Doppler ultrasound, and 100 patients examined by sonoelastography in this prospective study. All patients underwent surgery and the final diagnosis was obtained from fine needle aspiration cytology analysis. Results: Three hundred nodules (206 benign, 94 malignant) were divided into small (SNs, ≤1cm, n=124) and large (LNs, >1Cm, n=178) nodules. Microcalcifications were more frequent in malignant LNs than in malignant SNs, but showed no significant difference between benign LNs and SNs. Poorly-circumscribed margins were not significantly different between malignant SNs and LNs, but were less frequent in benign LNs than in benign SNs. Among all nodules, marked intranodular vascularity was more frequent in LNs than in SNs. By comparison, shape ratio of anteroposterior to transverse dimensions (A/T) ≥1 was less frequent in LNs than in SNs. Otherwise, among all nodules, marked hypoechogenicity and elasticity score of 4-5 showed no significant difference between LNs and SNs. Conclusions: The predictive values of microcalcifications, nodular margins, A/T ratio, and marked intranodular vascularity depend on nodule size, but the predictive values of echogenicity and elastography do not depend on nodule size.

Roles of gray-scale, Color-Doppler ultrasound and sonoelastography for assessment of thyroid nodules: nodule size correlation