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Back ground: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease frequently associated with an increased serum level of IgE. lL13 is one of the cytokines that are produced by Th2 lymphocytes and it can induce the production of IgE. DNA methylation is known to play an important role in gene transcription and alteration of methylation (eg. hypomethylation) is set to be responsible for the development of certain disorders such as an autoimmune diseases and atopy. Objectives: To evaluate the role of IL13 in the pathogenesis of AD and to investigate the DNA methylation in AD patients. Methods: Messenger RNA (mRNA) level of IL13 and DNA methyltransferase1 (DNMT1) [the enzyme used for DNA methylation] in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined using a realtime quantitative polymerase chair reaction method (RTPCR). IgE level was assayed by Chemiluminescence method.. Results: IL13 mRNA was significantly expressed in patients with AD as compared to normal controls (P <0.01). IL13 mRNA showed higher level of expression in severe AD group in comparison with mild moderate group (P <0.01). Serum levels of IgE showed highly significant increase in patients with AD as compared with control group (P <0.01) and it correlated with disease severity. There was a highly significant positive correlation between serum level of IgE and IL-13 m RNA expression in both AD groups ( r=0.616 ). The level of DNMT-1 mRNA was significantly lower in atopic patients compared to controls (P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between DNMT-1 mRNA expression and IL-13 mRNA expression in both AD groups ( r=-0.712 ). Also there was a significant negative correlation between DNMT-1 mRNA expression and the level of IgE in both AD groups (r=-0.868). Conclusion:The high level of IL-13 mRNA expression in AD and its correlation with serum level of IgE and with severity of disease indicates that IL-13 is involved in the pathogenesis of AD and it is an important in vivo IgE inducer. As DNA hypomethylation leads to IL-13 over expression so decrease of DNMT-1 might be related to the pathogenesis of AD.

Expression of mRNA for IL-13 and DNMT-1 in children with Atopic Dermatitis