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Objective: the objective of this study is to compare the biochemical profile in patients with hyperglycemic emergencies and to ascertain the factors associated with outcome with emphasis on the determinants of outcome. Method: A total of 105 patients admitted to the Accident and Emergency unit who fulfilled the criteria for hyperglycaemic emergencies were selected using a non-probability sampling technique. The information extracted included socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory data and hospitalization outcome. Statistical comparison of proportions was done with chi-squared test, while the students t -test was used for comparison of means. A p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was accepted as the level of statistical significance. Results: Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic non ketotic state (HHNK) was seen in 50% (53) of the subjects, while diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was seen in 31% (29), Normo osmolar non-ketotic hyperglycaemic state (NNHS) in 12% (13) and MIXED hyperglycaemic emergency in 7% (10) of the subjects. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean RBS (p=0.01), anion gap (p=0.01), and in the mean serum osmolality (p=0.01) however there was no statistically significant difference in the FBS on discharge (p=0.14). Patients with Mixed hyperglycaemic emergency had the highest mean HbA1c (9.0±0.47%) while patients with NNHS had the lowest mean HbA1c (7.9±0.44%). Patients with HHNK had the highest mean admitting RBS (611.4±68.11mg/dl) while patients with DKA had the lowest mean admitting RBS (439.8±98.29mg/dl). The mean (SD) serum potassium at presentation was 3.95mmol/L (0.64) with a range of 2.2mmol/L to 5.7mmol/L: The mean (SD) serum bicarbonate in this study was 19.3mmol/L (2.87) with a range of 10 to 30mmol/L. Conclusion:In view of the morbidity and mortality associated with hyperglycemic emergencies, there is need for prompt recognition and diagnosis and this highlights the need for provision of adequate diagnostic facilities in healthcare centers. Concerted efforts should be made by attending physicians in using biochemical parameters to make diagnosis of these hyperglycemic emergencies with a view to instituting prompt and adequate treatment.

Comparing Biochemical Profile of Admitted Patients with the Various Groups of Hyperglycemic Emergencies