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Background: Diarrhoea continues to be the scourge of children across the world. Despite efforts by the World Health Organisation and other agencies, much still remains to be done in combating diarrhoeal diseases in the developing world, including Nigeria. Objectives: To determine the bacterial agents of diarrhoea in under-5 children and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Subjects and Method: One hundred and seven-four children below five years of age with diarrhoea and a similar number as controls were recruited for the study between June 2005 and May 2006 at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Their socio-demographic factors such as age, sex, breastfeeding status, parents’ occupation/education, were obtained. Their stool samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Stool cultures and sensitivity tests were performed. Results: Enteropathogenic E. coli was identified in 41.4% of the stool samples. There was no statistically significant difference in breastfeeding between the subjects and controls (p>0.05). The age and sex distribution of the subjects with positive stool culture were not statistically significant (p>0.05) when compared with those with negative cultures. Blood in stool was significantly associated with positive stool culture (p=0.0112). Drugs that can be useful in the empirical treatment of diarrhoea due to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli are gentamycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime. Conclusion: Enteropathogenic E. coli is a significant bacterial agent in diarrhoea in childhood. Improvement in breastfeeding, socioeconomic and nutritional status will lead to a reduction in the incidence of diarrhoea due to bacterial pathogens.

Bacterial Agents Associated With Acute Diarrhoea In Under-5 Children In Enugu, Nigeria.