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The Niger Delta region in Nigeria is richly endowed with abundant crude oil resources that place the nation as the seventh largest producer of oil in the world. The oil wealth enriches Nigeria as a country but it has not alleviated the challenges of poverty and social development in the oil producing areas of the Niger Delta. Owing to this, the region has been redden by youth restiveness despite several interventions initiated by organizations, government and international community that have not yielded any positive result since the conflict has escalated and received international coverage in the 1990s. The aim of this study is to first examine the causes of the protracted resource conflict in the region; it will do a review of the initiatives so far taken and the reasons for their failure. Also, the study will investigate the likely determinants of a successful process of mediation that can restore peaceful co-existence to the region. The paper is of the opinion that the protracted violent conflict in the region is a product of the lopsidedness of Nigeria federalism. Hence, the study submits that, to have peace in the region, there is need for true federalism in such that the people in the region will be meaningfully engaged in any initiative to resolve the violent conflict in the region.

Mediation in Niger Delta Resource Conflict: Assessing the Determinant of a Successful Process