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Heart defects are being the most common birth defects and the leading cause of sudden prenatal death [1,2]. The cardiac defect may be very slight so that the baby appears healthy and normal for many years after birth, but suddenly becomes so severe due to that its life is in immediate danger. Congenital heart defects originate when the heart is forming and they can affect any of the parts or functions of the heart. Cardiac anomalies may occur due to an inherited disorder, genetic syndrome, or environmental factors such as infections or misuse of drug during pregnancy [1]. Every year one out of 125 babies is born with some kind of congenital heart defects [3,4]. FECG carries vital information about the cardiac function of foetus. The characteristics of the foetal Electrocardiogram (FECG), such as heart rate, waveform, and dynamic behaviour, are important in determining the foetal life, fetal development, fetal maturity, and existence of fetal distress or congenital heart disease. Fetal electrocardiography has proved an effective tool for imaging specific structural defects only at the time of labor not during pregnancy because FECG [5] is contaminated by fetal brain activity, myographic (muscle) signals (from both the mother and fetus), movement artifacts and multiple layers of different dielectric biological media through which the electrical signals must pass. Fetal monitoring is based entirely on the fetal heart rate and does not incorporate characteristics of the fetal ECG (fECG) waveform that are the cornerstone of cardiac evaluation. The main reason for this is there is no available technology to reliably measure fECG. Most of the heart defects have some manifestation in their morphology, which is believed to contain much more information as compared with other conventional methods [6]. Most of the clinically useful information in the FECG signal is found in the amplitude and duration of its waveforms [7]. Fetal cardiac waveform helps physicians to diagnose fetal heart arrhythmia such as Bradycardia, Tachycardia, Asphyxia and Hypoxia. It has long been recognized that persistent of fetal tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia may also lead to the evolution of heart failure [8-12] and may be associated with neurological injury [13,14].

Methodological Survey on Fetal ECG Extraction