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Sequential dark and photo- fermentation is a rather new approach in biological hydrogen gas production. In the present work, two-stage fermentation process consisting of dark and photo-fermentation periods was carried out in a batch reactor. The study mainly emphasized on assessing the potential of biological conversion of different substrates to hydrogen by studying various parameters like temperature, pH and cell density to achieve maximum hydrogen production. In the first stage, substrate was fermented in the dark stage using Bacillus licheniformis, Enterobacter cloacae and Halobacterium salinarum to produce acetate, CO2 and H2. The acetate produced in the first stage is fermented to H2 and CO2 by Rhodobacter sphaeroides for further hydrogen production in the second, illuminated stage. The percentage yield for Bacillus licheniformis, Enterobacter cloacae and Halobacterium salinarum using Rhodobacter sphaeroides was found to be 35.7%, 32%, and 26% respectively and process proficiency was found to be 0.2, 0.35 and 0.16 moles/kg.

Production of Clean Fuel from Waste Biomass using Combined Dark and Photofermentation