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Vegetable cultivation in solar greenhouses makes it possible to produce vegetables during winter without additional heating and lighting in some areas of northern China. Owing to the high profitability of vegetable cultivation in greenhouses, the land area used for solar greenhouse production has rapidly increased over the past several decades (Guo et al., 2012; Li, 2014). Tomato is one of the greenhouse vegetables cultivated in some northern areas of China, which is nutrient-rich and very popular with consumers (Padayachee et al., 2017). Therefore, its cultivation area has continued to expand in recent years. In efforts to increase tomato yield, the over-application of inorganic fertilizers has become very common. However, overuse of fertilizers and unsuitable irrigation in a solar greenhouse lead to the accumulation of salts in the soil, and further result in a series of other problems, including the degradation of soil properties and groundwater pollution (Chen et al., 2004; Shi et al., 2009; Shen et al., 2010; Singh, 2015). High soil salinity is one of the most important forms of soil degradation (Chen et al., 2004; Shi et al., 2009; Shen et al., 2010). Soil salinity caused ion toxicity, disruption of ion equilibrium, and osmotic stress in plants, which finally destroyed the normal structure and function of cell membranes, inhibited chlorophyll production and antioxidant enzyme activities, and finally affected plant growth and crop productivity (Hasanuzzaman et al., 2013; Qi and Zhao, 2013). In order to overcome this problem, microbial fertilizers have been used over the past decade (Mayak et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2014; Palaniyandi et al., 2014; Hahm et al., 2017). Microbial fertilizers are environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional fertilizers to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

Characteristics of Azotobacter sp. strain AC11 and their effects on the growth of tomato seedlings under salt stress