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INTRODUCTION Wave overtopping is considered an important aspect when designing waterfront or sea-defense structures. This is mainly due to the associated risks in the provision of necessary protection and safety measures for properties and people. Hence, a part of any design procedure is to predict the overtopping rate. Currently, there are various formulas with different applicability range and complexity level to predict the overtopping rate based on environmental, structural and wave characteristics and conditions. Because overtopping is quite a complex phenomenon, most of the previous studies were focused on deriving empirical formulas using data collected from laboratory tests. The most extensive collection of such tests was provided by the CLASH project database (van der Meer et al., 2009) for the first time. Later, an update of this database was released (i.e. the European Overtopping Manual; EurOtop, 2018), encompassing about 18000 records of laboratory and field tests for various types of coastal structures. This paper, in particular, deals with the estimation of overtopping at vertical structures, and considers four of the existing methods (i.e. Goda 2009, van der Meer and Bruce 2014, Etemad-Shahidi et al. 2016, and EurOtop 2018); while their performance has not been thoroughly investigated using an extensive database for the specific case of vertical structures.

WAVE OVERTOPPING AT VERTICAL STRUCTURES: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT FORMULAS