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The purpose of this study is to partially explore childrearing values in modern Japan by examining changes in two familiar child-care customs, babywearing on the back (onbu) and babywearing on the front (dakko), as well as changes in child-care accessories such as baby baskets, baby slings, and strollers. Onbu is a child-care custom that emerged among commoners in the Heian period out of the necessity of caring for infants while performing domestic chores. In the just almost 150 years since the start of the Meiji period, the Japanese style of childrearing evolved from “labor-oriented onbu” into “child-focused dakko.” Changes were also seen in the items used as child-care accessories. From the Meiji period to the early Showa period, child-care accessories for most Japanese were everyday items repurposed to serve childrearing needs. Following the end of World War II, however, information and culture from the West began to permeate popular society, and as these influences became widespread in the 1960s, child-care accessories transformed from items made at home to items purchased (commercial products). Such abundant items can make life between parents and children convenient. On the other hand, these have not been created out of necessity for parents to raise their own children. Now, the reverse phenomenon occurs that they must be taught even how to use such plentiful commodities provided by others. This has brought a childrearing form dependent on commodities, and it has become difficult to care for children without making use of commercialized products. The issues in this study should be considered seriously, especially in the deteriorated environment for childrearing today. (受付日:2014 年 1 月 14 日,受理日:2014 年 11 月 26 日) 阿部 和子(あべ かずこ) 現職:大妻女子大学家政学部 児童学科 日本女子大学大学院家政学研究科修了 専門は児童学,保育学.子どもの育ちをめぐる諸問題を子どもの自発性のという視点から研究している. 現在の関心は,子育てに不安を抱いている大人に,どのように子どもとの生活を作っていくのかを,子 どもの自発性・主体性の育ちから考える視点を提供することである.本論文は,その研究の一環であり, 研究全体の中で基本的なものとして位置づく. 主な著書:「子どもの心の育ち:0歳から3歳まで」「続子どもの心の育ち:3歳から5歳まで」(ともに 単著,萌文書林),「乳幼児期の「心の教育」を考える―かかわりの中から見えてくる自己の育つみちす じ」(単著,フレーベル館),「保育課程の研究―子ども主体の保育実践を求めて」(共著,萌文書林),「家 族援助論」(単著,萌文書林)ほか 近現代日本における育児行為と育児用品にみられる子育ての変化に関する一考察 264

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A study of changes in modern Japanese childrearing values as seen in child-care customs and accessories: A focus on babywearing, baby baskets, baby slings, and strollers