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In this study, we evaluated the effects of static magnetic fields of earphones and headphones on pace-makers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICDs). Five pacemakers and three ICDs were subjected to in-vitrotest with three headphones which were an in-ear earphone, clip-on headphone, and closed-back headphone. Eachimplantable device was placed in close proximity(within 3 mm) to the ear-pad of each of the earphone and headphonesfor 3 min. As a result, no effects were observed on the pacemakers for the earphone and headphones during the test,but an effect was observed on one ICD for the clip-on and closed-back headphone during the test. When the ICDwas placed in close proximity to the headphones, the ICD temporarily suspended functions of tachyarrhythmia detec-tion and therapy. The effect was not observed in this study when the headphones were at least 2 cm from the ICD.Based on these findings, patients with ICDs should be advised to keep earphones and headphones at least 2 cm apartfrom their ICDs.Key words: Earphone, Headphone, Pacemaker, Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, Malfunction

Effects of Static Magnetic Fields of Earphones and Headphones on Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators