English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

A numerical analysis on the smoke behavior and evacuee safety has been performed with computational fluid dynamics. The purpose of this study is to build computational processes for an evacuation and prevention of a fire disaster of a 3 km-length tunnel in Korea. To save computational cost, 1.5 km of the tunnel that can include a few cross-passing tunnels is considered. We are going to assess the fire safety in a road tunnel according to the smoke level, which consists of the smoke density and the height from the floor. The smoke density is obtained in detail from three-dimensional unsteady CFD analysis. To obtain proper temperature distributions on the tunnel wall, one-dimensional conduction equation is considered instead of an adiabatic wall boundary or a constant heat flux. The tunnel considered in this study equips the cross passing tunnels for evacuees every 250 m. The distance is critical in both safety and economy. The more cross passing tunnels, the more safe but the more expensive. Three different jet fan operations can be considered in this study; under- and over-critical velocities for normal traffic condition and 0-velocoty operation for the traffic congestion. The SE (smoke environment) level maps show a smoke environment and an evacuating behavior every moment.

Flow and smoke behavior of a longitudinal ventilation tunnel with various velocities using computational fluid dynamics