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Among the various types of pesticides that contaminate surface water, insecticides play an important role in the pollution of aquatic ecosystems as documented by the accumulated data. Their detriment processes affect several taxa including macroinvertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds and wildlife. Dimethoate is an organophosphorus insecticide medially toxic. It controls aphids, thrips, phanthoppers and whiteflies insects on apples, corn, cotton, lemons, oranges, melons and vegetable etc. Dimethoate inhibits actylcholinesterase enzyme. Acetylcholine normally passes from presynaptic to postsynaptic membranes of a synapse. This passage is facilitated by the enzyme actylcholinesterase, dimethoate renders the enzyme inactive and hence Acetylcholine is prevented from passing the cleft, thus accumulating at the presynaptic membrane. The present study is intended to follow up the toxicity of Dimethoate insecticide by using gills of Pitar rudis as a bioindicator. Results showed that LC50 of dimethoate on Pitar rudis is (6.6 ppm). Behavioral changes in bivalve were observed in the clams closed their valves tightly over longer periods and open them slightly for short time, extended the foot and siphons from time to time, Mucous secretion or a layer above the water surface when exposed to dimethoate. Histological changes were observed in the gills that the gills were broken-down at the base of water tubes, damage in the filament, and rupture of the tissues, fusion of the lamellae, broken at the base of the filament and increased of the nuclei.

EFFECT OF DIMETOATE INSECTICIDE TOXICITY ON THE GILLS OF BIVALVE PITAR RUDIS AS BIOINDICATOR (HISTOLOGICAL STUDY)