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Oil spill cleanup in wetlands is problematic because of the limited remediation techniques that can be applied in such environments. The use of sorbents to clean up oil spills presents many advantages due to simplicity of approach and the inexpensive nature of these materials. Furthermore, sorbents can be used not only as wicking agents but also as microbial media that mediate hydrocarbon biodegradation. Once a sorbent is applied to an impacted wetland, it absorbs the contaminating oil. It retains the oil for a sufficient length of time to allow biodegradation of hydrocarbons by indigenous bacteria under aerobic conditions. In addition, plant-derived organic sorbents are biodegradable, thus leaving no permanent residue. Ammoniated bagasse is one of the biodegradable organic sorbents that contain nitrogen as a nutrient needed to support the activity of oil degrading bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of sorbents in wicking oil from the subsurface of oil-contaminated sediments under various conditions. Several microcosms were prepared to simulate saturated wetland environments. Glass cylinders, 10 cm in diameter and 10 cm in height, enclosed these microcosms. Each microcosm was layered in the following sequence (from the bottom to the top): a clean sand layer, an oiled-sand layer, and an overlying sorbent layer. Sand, sorbent, and water were sterilized prior to use to ensure that no biodegradation occurs during the experiment. The different conditions included: 2 particle sizes of sand (20 × 30 and 60 × 80 U.S. Mesh), 2 levels of oil contamination (25% and 75% of saturation), 3 water levels (at the oiled-layer/clean sand interface, at the oiled-layer/sorbent-layer interface, and at the sorbent-layer/air interface), and 2 levels of sorbent (presence or absence). Oil wicking experiments were performed in airtight microcosms for a period of 3 months. At the termination of an experiment, each layer of the microcosms was separated and samples were taken. Samples were extracted with dichloromethane and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Mass balances in each microcosm were established in terms of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). TPH includes alkanes (C10-C35); pristane; phytane; hopane; 2-, 3-, and 4-ring PAHs; and pyrogenic PAHs (5- &amp; 6-rings). The TPH change in each layer from time zero to 3 months was used to determine the effectiveness of the sorbent under each condition tested.

EFFECT OF SAND PARTICLE SIZE, OIL CONTAMINATION, AND WATER TABLE LEVEL ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SORBENTS IN WICKING OIL FROM CONTAMINATED WETLAND