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The use of dispersant at sea has been well defined in many studies. For inland waters the situation is not the same. At the request of the French authorities, a study was performed to assess the use of dispersants in fresh water. This study leads to the conclusion that dispersant use in fresh water is possible only in running and turbulent waters. The toxicity of a light crude oil and a diesel oil to some freshwater animals was assessed, leading to preliminary recommendations. In other respects, too, the effectiveness of dispersants has been tested; many products that are effective in seawater give poor results in fresh water. Consequently, dispersants must be controlled prior to their use in rivers. As it has for dispersant use at sea, France is establishing a procedure for approving use of dispersants in fresh water. This procedure involves specific laboratory tests to test their effectiveness, toxicity, and biodegradability in fresh water.

Toward a French Approval Procedure for the use of Dispersants in Inland Waters