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A study was conducted to investigate the initial environmental effects of an offshore oil and copper spill resulting from the sinking of the freighter Pac Baroness approximately 19 kilometers (km) southwest of Point Conception, California, at a water depth of 430 meters (m). Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS) was used to examine the distribution and levels of hydrocarbons in surficial sediments and to compare patterns of hydrocarbons in the sediments to those of a source-oil sample obtained from the vessel. Potential impacts of the spill on macroinfauna were also evaluated by examining changes in community structure and composition and in abundances of component species, based on comparison between control and wreck-site samples. Results of the chemical analyses show that sediment samples collected in the vicinity of the Pac Baroness contain elevated levels of hydrocarbons and other petroleum components that clearly originate from the oil on board the sunken vessel. Statistical comparisons of the macroinfaunal data reveal distinct biological effects of the spill within the immediate surrounding area of the vessel, at water depths of 410 to 436 m. Among these effects are significant reductions in mean number of species, mean number of individuals (all species combined), abundances of several component species (half of which are dominants within the community), and the combined abundance of sensitive amphipod species. These initial levels of contamination and associated environmental effects are unique in consideration of the extreme water depth in which the spill occurred.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF THE PAC BARONESS OIL AND COPPER SPILL