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In 1980, the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) became aware of a problem with oil seeping into the elementary school basement of the northwest Alaska coastal community of Kotzebue. After initial investigation, it was determined that 100,000 to 200,000 gal (378,000 to 756,000 L) of #1 fuel oil (diesel) was contaminating an underground area estimated at up to 10 acres (4 ha). The fuel had been in the ground for 25 to 30 years, and may have been associated with fuel storage or handling in the 1950s. ADEC learned that many local residents had been collecting fuel from backyard sumps for years. Many gathered enough to heat their homes, and others sold their excesses of recovered oil. More recently, oil has been observed leaching into Kotzebue Sound from time to time, posing a potential threat to local fisheries. ADEC has since been involved in recovering the oil, using the limited funds available to mitigate the potential environmental and safety problems. Problems experienced in collection of the fuel included a seasonally frozen groundwater aquifer above the permafrost and inconsistent monitoring of the primary collection sump in the school basement. By the fall of 1984, about 40,000 gal (151,000 L) of fuel had been recovered by a variety of methods. A large quantity of oil remains underground, but recovery has been severely reduced, mainly by recent funding constraints and sporadic collection conditions associated with the cold climate and permafrost. The 1986 Alaska state legislature appropriated $50,000 so that ADEC could install monitoring and collection wells and conduct pressure tests of all fuel lines that might be still contributing to the problem. Continuing this cleanup depends on future funding.

THE UNDERGROUND OIL SPILL AT KOTZEBUE, ALASKA: UNKNOWN CAUSE, ELUSIVE CURE