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A research program has been set up to develop oil dispersants containing oleophilic nutrients. This new type of dispersant will not only dilute the oil slick into the sea, but also start and speed up the microbial growth around the fine oil droplets, because the nutrients remain at the oil/water interface and are not washed away in the water. Each of these newly synthesized nutrients is made of an oleophilic part (normal paraffine or olefine) and of a hydrophilic moiety (containing nitrogen and or phosphorus). This surfactant-like structure allows it to maintain a good level of dispersing efficiency. The capacity to stimulate biodegradation of the various compounds was evaluated by measuring the microbial CO2 production (mineralization) in a gas train arrangement of 40 channels monitored by a 40-way valve. This guaranteed a constant air supply to each test vial. A practical partition coefficient of the nutrient between oil and water was determined to evaluate its ability to remain at the interphase. The influence of the following parameters on the biodegradation process was studied: Amount and chain length of the oleophilic part and type of nutrient, used as such or incorporated in a dispersant Replacement or no replacement of the water phase prior to degradation, to simulate the washing of nutrients into the sea Dispersing efficiency of HLB of the formulated dispersant These results combined with pilot scale trials led to the formulation of a dispersant which exhibits a high dispersion efficiency and a quick-starting biodegradation of the dispersed crude oil.

A NEW APPROACH IN ENHANCED BIODEGRADATION OF SPILLED OIL: DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL DISPERSANT CONTAINING OLEOPHILIC NUTRIENTS