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To contain and recover oil in an ice-infested river, an ice-free area has to be created wherein conventional clean-up gear may be employed. A joint Canada-United States study was begun to develop a barrier which would allow the oil to pass through while barring ice floes from entering the recovery site area. Theoretical and laboratory study showed that the ice floes could be deflected successfully from an oil spill recovery site. The U.S. Coast Guard financed the construction of the prototype and it was successfully tested at the Canadian Coast Guard Base in the Detroit River, Amherstburg, Ontario. The ice boom utilizes the ruddering principle, used by glance booms for the lumber industry. It consists of a sturdy body and a number of short fins or rudders. The angle between the boom and the fins is variable. The upstream end of the boom is tied to the shore. When the fins are gradually closed from the initially open position, the force of the current on the fins brings the boom gradually into the flow. The out-swung boom then prevents the ice floes from entering the area behind it and thus creates the desirable ice-free area. Openings are provided in the boom for the oil slick to pass through. After the oil passes through the boom, it may be contained and recovered by conventional methods. Field experiments showed that deployment and manipulation of the boom could be carried out readily. It was also apparent that the fins created a surface current deflecting the oil simulant directly toward the shore. Quantitative design criteria have been obtained.

DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL ICE OIL BOOM FOR FLOWING WATERS